Title: Lutherans Learn from Bombing
ELCA NEWS SERVICE

December 13, 1996

LUTHERANS LEARN FROM BOMBING
96-31-095-FI

     OKLAHOMA CITY (ELCA) -- "One of our assumptions was
validated.  The church is equipped to respond in times of
terrorism," said Elaine Richter, after a Dec.  6-8 training event
here, "Responding to Terrorism."  Richter is associate director
of Lutheran Disaster Response (LDR) -- a joint ministry of the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the Lutheran Church-
Missouri Synod.
     Richter, who is also director for LCMS World Relief, cited
three reasons: No matter where terrorism occurs, the church is
probably already established there.  The church has the gospel
which can speak so well to the fear left by an act of terrorism.
The church will stay in the area long after other service
agencies must leave.
     "It wasn't until the Oklahoma City bombing that we
discovered that terrorism needed a special kind of response,"
Richter told about 60 participants representing Lutheran social
ministry organizations in 19 states.  She was referring to the
bombing of the Murrah Federal Office Building on April 19, 1995,
that claimed 169 lives.
     "Human-induced disaster is special because the victims and
the respondents are wondering whether or not there are
perpetrators still in their midst," said the keynote speaker, Dr.
Leila Dane, executive director, Institute for Victims of Trauma,
McLean, Va.  "Whether or not the disaster is finished is not
clear."
     Dane, a "political psychologist," said crisis management for
a natural disaster is similar to that for terrorism in the need
to process facts quickly.  "As humans we have a compulsion to
rationalize," she said.  We need to understand what happened, so
"rumor control" is crucial.
     "Understand the importance of the immediacy of the
debriefing process" for victims and for those responding to a
disaster, Dane said.
     "I have noticed in disaster response that people of
religious affiliation tend to address the emotional aspects of
the situation straightforwardly," she said.  "Feelings are
acceptable and are not denied," so debriefing with church workers
tends to be "a more wholesome response than a totally strategic,
non-feeling response."
     "This is a venue in which the church has a definite role and
must take the opportunity" to be involved, said Bernice
Karstensen, executive director, Lutheran Social Services of
Kansas and Oklahoma.  "The church loses its relevance if it
doesn't step in and help," she said.  "We don't have to know all
the answers, but we must be willing to wrestle with things
together."
     "My goal was to help people process the trauma and then help
people process the grief," said Pam Shawn, a counselor who still
works with several survivors of the bombing.  "The glue that held
all this together was a spiritual dimension that was already
there."
     The Rev. H.  Karl Reko, ELCA Division for Global Mission,
was a pastor in Times Beach, Mo., in the 1980s when that
community was dealing with dioxin poisoning.  He defined several
types of disasters -- from "acts of God" to "acts of war" -- to
explain the different ways people react to different events.  He
said making sense of terrorism "depends on justice for the
responsible party."
     Ruth Reko, director for leadership development, ELCA
Division for Church in Society, said terrorism is different than
a natural disaster because it can't be cleaned up with brooms and
building supplies.  "How do we help the pastors make sense of
this from the pulpit?"
     "This kind of disaster is without easy measurement," said
the Rev. Leon A.  Phillips Jr., LDR executive director.  "People
can see the houses coming back on their block" after a natural
disaster.  After an act of terrorism "things look normal.  The
damage is inside people's lives."
     "This has significance for the church," said Phillips.  "The
purpose of the gospel is to rebuild lives."
     After the group visited the site where the Murrah Building
stood 20 months earlier, Phillips noted all the religious symbols
that visitors had placed on the surrounding chain-link fence.  As
"the custodians of those symbols," he said the church must be
present.  "The spiritual element was always so close to the
surface."
     "The church must look beyond where the media are focused,"
said Phillips.  He said news reports neglected to mention the
effects of the bombing on the African-American and Latino
communities around the site, especially that residents of the
Regency Towers, a nearby low-income apartment building, have been
displaced.
     Phillips stressed the importance of pastors already living
in areas affected by disasters.  "We would be nuts to ignore
those relationships" by bringing in people from outside, he said.
     Pastors don't have to be psychologists, said Phillips.  They
need to do the same things they've done their entire ministries -
- "listen, share hope and pray."
     "One of the best agencies for offering disaster preparedness
is Lutheran Social Services of Kansas and Oklahoma," said
Richter.  "They had just done a preparedness workshop in Oklahoma
City several weeks before the bombing."
     "One of the models that is used is to do workshops for
clergy," she said, "where ideas can be exchanged and all the
phases of disaster are explained."
     Ruth Reko said a similar workshop for clergy is planned in
February to help those affected by the bombing cope with emotions
associated with the related trials.
     Training event participants came from Alabama, Alaska,
California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas,
Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington and Wisconsin.

For information contact: Ann Hafften, Dir., ELCA News Service, (312)
380-2958 or [log in to unmask]; Frank Imhoff, Assoc. Dir., (312)
380-2955 or [log in to unmask]; Melissa Ramirez, Assist. Dir., (312)
380-2956 or [log in to unmask]